Rewind: Interactions with Planet X

Rewinding to something I wrote many years ago in high school. 

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Interactions with Planet X

(So you want to help, but have no clue) 

My fellow Teens, 

You all probably know some people with disabilities. After all, it's fairly commonplace now. Words like Autism, Downs Syndrome and Cerebral Palsy abound in the news. You probably even feel sorry for them. But honestly, even a truckload of pity is not much use. 

You probably are also "initially freaked out" at meeting people with disabilities. (This is a direct quote from a high school volunteer I know.) Maybe you want to help, but have no idea how and what. 

Consider:- Once upon a time, we were all babies. Our life track was defined - preschool, elementary school, middle school, high school, college, job etc. 

A UCSD  sophomore was speaking of his college experiences to our SSE class last week. Many of his friends from Cupertino schools are with him in college, so his social circle remained somewhat homogeneous.  That had greatly aided his transition from the small school setting to life on an enormous college campus. I imagine it will be the same for most of you. Most of you probably have friends you've known all your life and who will be with you in college. 

Some of those babies however, ended up on a path that wandered off into the wilderness of disability. Years of therapy helped some get back onto a more typical path, especially if the right therapy was done at the right time with the right set of people who knew what to do. But there is no set formula and not everyone made a full or even partial turnaround. But biologically, the bodies kept growing and voila, they became Teens with Disabilities!

I speak not just for myself, but for all the others I've observed over the years. 

The therapy years are behind most teens, parents are exhausted and most therapists are giving up. Not an attractive picture! 

Many are headed into Homes and "residential facilities" after high school. Some are already in Homes. I had 3 classmates in 5th grade who came from a Home. The only time they got to go out, was if the school did outings, as the Home did not do that. All that my classmate Johnny ate at every meal, was cheese pizza - how healthy is that? Others, I know - post 18 and Indian - live at home with their parents. 

A few may make it to community college or even a university. A fortunate few may even end up doing a job they like and lead independent lives. But there are always additional hurdles at every step. 

Expectations are not high at this point.  Job training programs, at most, target low level jobs. How exciting will it be to toss burgers, especially if intellectually you are capable of so much more? Frustration rides high, and this translates into more behavioral issues. As it is, being a Teen is an emotional roller-coaster for most of you. Just add on a whole suitcase of emotional and physical struggles! 

Your world will open out as you go into college and beyond, while those of individuals with disabilities, may well narrow down. More doors shut with age. Ironically after age 22, govt. assistance and programs reduce significantly - just when we need it most. 

We're surrounded by adults a lot; but most are paid therapists who last just 1-2 years. There is a high turnover of people, which is very emotionally distressing. Working and assisting teens or adults is not considered a desirable profession, so one cannot expect any intelligent company either, going forward. 

Quality of Life however, goes beyond just basic care. It becomes a  'Lonely Planet X.’

So what was the point of telling you these depressing scenarios?

It is said that friends influence your character?  This is the area that individuals with disabilities really fall short on. It's going to be a bigger problem going forward, as more of this growing population of children with disabilities become adults. 

It is less your money that is needed, and more your humanity. 

And it is not just about playing board games once a month at a center. That gets real boring by the 3rd month. And irritating by the 6th month, because by then the same games start to feel like therapy. And teens (disabled or not) don't want to be subjected to preschool activities like circle-time! Oh the sheer indignity of having preschool circle-time in some of the Special Ed classrooms, years after our typical peers had stopped doing them. Are you surprised that many adults with disabilities still listen to Barney and Sesame Street?

It is about getting involved in their lives. Being involved does not mean being physically there all the time either. In today's Internet World, there are many avenues of communication - Facebook, email, text, a phone call etc...

Tell them about your own lives so that through you, they can learn and experience more. You will be surprised at the insights you get into your lives when viewed through their eyes.  Most are surprisingly sensitive and intelligent despite their outward body mannerisms.  A person may have cerebral palsy and be dependent on a wheelchair. They may not even be able to respond. But their minds will eagerly lap up information and conversation.  Don't expect responses, especially if the person has limited communication skills - just be there.  They will never cease to amaze you or surprise you.

Get to know a few individuals and continue to be in their lives. The key is to be a constant presence over many years.  Don't be a therapist who moves onto another client in 1-2 years. 

Check in during your school vacations, and during your college vacations. Visit if you can. 

Include them in some of your physical activities. Are you or your friends in a musical performance, band, team or play? Invite them to these - you will find no better cheerleaders. Do you belong to a group of some sort – you could find ways to include them at least some of the time. What do you do with your typical friends - do you just "hang out and chill.”? You'd be amazed at how many teens with disabilities long to do this but don't have the opportunity. 

Don't assume they don't know academics just because they haven't been formally taught it. Academic subjects are just a matter of perspective sometimes. In light of other challenges, it just seems a lot more straightforward. Tell them about what you do - why you find certain subjects difficult or which teacher is really lousy or good. 

It’s pretty hard to abuse drugs, smoke or drink if you are disabled. So you will in fact, be keeping very good company. 

Be an advocate for them and watch out for them in their lives. Friends of this disabled adult I know on Facebook, keep tabs on her online activity to watch for online predators and the like. Most individuals will outlast their parents, so friends are important in their lives. As you become an adult, there will be many such opportunities for advocacy. Dealing with bureaucracy is tough for most; imagine the disabled adult who has to face it 24x7. 

Consider - Pity is condescending, while Empathy and Friendship is Humanity. 

In the end, it's a win-win scenario for both. You will fulfill a real need and make a difference. Man is defined by his character, not by his wealth or his social status. You will be amazed at how these interactions will shape your life. 

Bring the Forgotten People on Lonely Planet X, back to the Humane Planet Earth. 

You may or may not choose to do something about this issue, or not be able to do so now. But perhaps you will later in your life. All this is Food for Thought.

Words matter: Reframing neurodivergence in science, medicine and society

 https://www.elsevier.com/connect/words-matter-reframing-neurodivergence-in-science-medicine-and-society

How we write and think about neurodiversity can have a profound effect on people’s lives; watch the webinar hosted by Cell Press and The Lancet.










Weak Central Coherence Theory of Autism

Autism Lexicon: Weak Central Coherence (WCC) Theory

The WCC Theory is a cognitive theory of autism (cognitive theories try to explain how autistics think). 

It suggests that  autistics focus on noticing details but might struggle with seeing the bigger picture. This affects how they see and understand the world around them. This unique way of thinking brings both strengths and challenges, affecting everyday tasks, social interactions, and work or hobbies.

Read about WCC in more detail 

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The end of Autism Month

April is Autism Acceptance Month.  

On April 30th there is a flood of emails and social media posts -  all pointing to the fact that its the last day of autism acceptance month. 

Does this mean that autism acceptance is not important for the remaining 11 months? 😔


Last Class at Berkeley

This day 2 years ago.  

OMG. My very last undergrad class at Berkeley. 

Berkeley Haas Scholars at work. 



Shoutout from FCAI on my NSF Award


We are thrilled to announce that Hari Srinivasan, one of our Neurodiversity Inspired Science and Engineering Fellows at the Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, has been awarded the prestigious National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship for his work in Neuroscience.

The NSF GRFP is a tremendous achievement and a testament to Hari's hard work, dedication, and innovative research approach. As a neurodivergent individual, Hari brings a unique perspective to the field of Neuroscience, and his work, with its potential to make a significant impact on the lives of the community, is truly inspiring.

At the Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, we are committed to promoting neurodiversity and providing opportunities for individuals like Hari to flourish in science and engineering. We believe that neurodiversity is a strength, and we are proud to support Hari and other neurodivergent researchers in their quest to make a difference in the world.

On behalf of the Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, we would like to extend our heartfelt congratulations to Hari on this well-deserved honor. We are not just proud, but deeply appreciative of all that he has accomplished and look forward to seeing all the amazing things that he will achieve in the years to come. Hari is an inspiration to us all, and we are grateful to have him as a part of our community.

hashtag#Neurodiversity hashtag#Neurodivergence hashtag#ASD hashtag#Autism hashtag#Strength hashtag#SocialModel hashtag#NSF hashtag#GraduateStudent hashtag#Fellowship hashtag#NationalScienceFoundation hashtag#GraduateFellowship hashtag#Congratulations hashtag#Awards
 

A kinder ABA is a therapist driving you to the point of frustration, then offering to hold your hand

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40617-023-00833-w 

Good grief is all I can say. 

Adding the prefix of "Kind" to something does not automatically make anything automatically Kinder. As is peppering a paper with the word "Kind" to sublimely influence you that it must be kind. 

And a sample size of 4 autistics in the study makes this a valid method, how?

And what did this  "kind" translate to exactly. when a therapist drives you to the point of a tantrum in the first place, then offers to hold your hand, and saying "I can see you are frustrated."

Is this a new marketing strategy by the (massive-profits with no accountability) ABA industry to make even more profits of desperate families. 

Please don't joke around with studies trying to whitewash stuff. This is not helping.  




Disability puts a whole new light on access


https://www.dailycal.org/2018/04/05/access-ramp-volunteering


 

Autism and the Cocktail Party Effect

Concepts in Multisensory Integration


The "cocktail party effect" refers to the brain's ability to focus one's auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, as when a person can focus on a single conversation in a noisy environment. This ability involves the auditory cortex and other brain regions that manage attention. The term was coined by cognitive scientist Colin Cherry in the 1950s.

For example, at a busy party with multiple conversations happening simultaneously, you are able to listen and respond to one person speaking to you without being distracted by the surrounding noise. This phenomenon highlights our ability to selectively attend to particular sounds in a complex auditory landscape. It's often studied in contexts involving hearing, neuroscience, and psychology, particularly in understanding how attention and the sensory system interact.

In autistics, the cocktail party effect may manifest differently due to variations in auditory processing and attentional focus. Autistics often experience atypical auditory processing, which can mean that separating speech from background noise is more challenging. This difficulty is sometimes referred to as auditory filtering problems with "auditory scene analysis." Research suggests  autistic children show diminished performance in tasks requiring them to attend to speech in noisy environments compared to their neurotypical peers (Alcántara et al., 2004). This can contribute to the sensory overload many autistic individuals report in noisy or crowded settings.

The brain regions involved in auditory processing might function differently in autism, affecting how sounds are perceived and processed (O'Connor, 2012) . The auditory cortex may not effectively differentiate between foreground and background noises, leading to a potential overwhelming influx of auditory information. Consequently, this can make social interactions and communication more strenuous in environments that NTs might find manageable.

These auditory processing differences are an essential consideration in understanding the sensory experiences of autistic individuals and underscore the need for tailored strategies in educational, social, and occupational settings to accommodate their unique sensory profiles.
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Versions of this article: Academic/Scientific Audience and PlainSpeak for Lay Reader

Articles on other topics in #PlainSpeak


Neurodiversity Nuts and Bolts

Neurodiversity is a concept that views neurological differences as natural and valuable variations of human diversity. 

Inclusion and Exclusion in the Neurodiversity Paradigm

Neurodiversity primarily includes disabilities like autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, and Tourette syndrome, along with disabilities that are labeled psychiatric in nature . It tends to focus on conditions that affect cognition, communication, sensory perception, and behavior. Disabilities that are less often included in discussions of neurodiversity include those that are purely medical in nature or those that do not involve differences in neurodevelopment, such as physical disabilities like spinal cord injuries or muscular dystrophy.

Neurodiversity as a Social Construct

Neurodiversity is a social construct, meaning it is a concept that society has created and accepted to understand neurological differences in a positive light. This does not imply that neurodiverse conditions themselves are not real; rather, it highlights how society chooses to value these conditions. As a social construct, neurodiversity is useful in promoting a more inclusive view of humanity, valuing diverse ways of thinking and interacting with the world. However, like all social constructs, its impact depends on how it is applied and in what context.

Origins and Evolution of the Concept

While neurodiversity is often attributed to Judy Singer, who discussed it in a 1999 book chapter, recent research clarifies that the concept was a collective effort by many autistic activists during the 1990s. As highlighted in the 2024 paper "Neurodiversity Misattribution," the theory of neurodiversity emerged from discussions and activism within the autistic community, particularly on the "Independent Living" email list in the mid-1990s. These discussions were part of a broader movement of autistic self-advocates who aimed to shift societal perceptions and promote understanding and acceptance of neurological diversity. Correct attribution is important because it acknowledges the grassroots nature of the neurodiversity movement and the contributions of many individuals who worked to develop and promote the concept.

The concept of neurodiversity builds upon the foundation laid by the broader disability rights movement, which advocates for the inclusion and acceptance of people with disabilities as full members of society. This movement, which began gaining momentum in the 1960s and 1970s, challenges societal barriers and attitudes that limit the participation of disabled individuals and promotes the rights of disabled people to be fully included in all aspects of society.

The benefits of a Neurodiversity Perspective


The neurodiversity perspective draws upon important ideas from the wider disability rights movement, particularly its emphasis on inclusion, empowerment, and a strengths-based approach to understanding differences. These include.

Education and Employment: Neurodiversity promotes practices that accommodate diverse learning/work styles and neurological profiles, aligning with the broader disability rights movement's advocacy for adapting educational/workspace environment to meet the needs of all individuals rather than enforcing a uniform model.

Acceptance and Inclusion: By encouraging acceptance of diverse ways of thinking and behaving, the neurodiversity perspective helps reduce stigma and discrimination against neurodiverse individuals.

Strengths-Based Approach: By emphasizing the strengths and abilities of neurodiverse individuals, neurodiversity highlights unique talents, such as exceptional attention to detail or innovative problem-solving skills.

Empowerment: Through advocating for accommodations and changes in societal structures, neurodiverse individuals are empowered to participate fully in society, promoting a sense of belonging and inclusion.

Criticisms and Controversies


Despite its positive aspects, the concept of neurodiversity has faced several criticisms and controversies:

Exclusion of  the more-disabled individuals: Early discussions and formulations of the neurodiversity movement often focused on individuals who could advocate for themselves. This focus led to criticism that the movement did not fully address the experiences of those with more severe disabilities who might not be able to participate in self-advocacy in the same way. Over time, there has been an ongoing dialogue within the neurodiversity movement regarding the inclusion of individuals with more severe disabilities. Some advocates have pushed for a broader understanding that includes those with higher support needs, ensuring that neurodiversity represents a spectrum that encompasses all forms of neurological differences, regardless of the level of disability or support required.

Minimization of Challenges: Some argue that while the neurodiversity framework is empowering, it may inadvertently minimize the real challenges and needs that some neurodiverse individuals face, such as co-occurring conditions or the need for specific support and interventions.

Over-Romanticization: There is a concern that neurodiversity sometimes over-romanticizes neurological differences, ignoring the fact that for some, these differences can lead to significant difficulties that impacts their daily living.

Research on Neurodiversity

Research on neurodiversity spans a range of disciplines, including psychology, education, sociology, and neuroscience. The purpose of this research is to better understand the experiences and needs of neurodiverse individuals, to develop more inclusive educational and workplace practices, and to challenge existing paradigms that may not fully accommodate neurological diversity.

Other Disability Constructs that Neurodiversity aligns with.

Neurodiversity aligns with numerous other constructs in the broader disability world. Together, these constructs contribute to a broader understanding of diversity and challenge societal norms that marginalize disabled and neurodivergent people:


Mad Pride Movement: Challenges traditional views of mental health and psychiatric conditions, advocating for the rights and dignity of individuals with lived experiences of mental health conditions. It seeks to reclaim terms like "madness" and emphasize the value of diverse mental experiences, pushing against the stigma and discrimination faced by those with psychiatric disabilities.

In fact the name of the unique makerspace disability lab at UC Berkeley is "Rad Mad Disability Lab". It was a privilege for me to lead Team Propaganda during my years at that lab. 

The Social Model of Disability: Focuses on societal barriers rather than individual impairment, positing that disability is caused by the way society is organized, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference. It emphasizes the need to remove barriers in society—whether physical, attitudinal, or systemic—to enable full participation and inclusion of disabled people.

The Human Rights Model of Disability: Rooted in international human rights law, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), this model emphasizes the rights of disabled people to full inclusion, participation, and equality in all aspects of society. It advocates for societal change to eliminate discrimination and barriers.

"Disability only becomes a tragedy when society fails to provide the things needed to lead one's daily life." - Judy Heumann (Disability Rights Activist)

I was also fortunate enough to work on creating ~40 case studies on low resource countries that have implemented the UNCRPD, as a research associate at Prof Victor Pineda's "World Enabled" 

Crip Theory: Challenges normative ideas of what it means to be "able" or "disabled," questioning societal norms about ability and disability, much like neurodiversity challenges norms about neurological functioning. Crip theory advocates for a more expansive understanding of diversity that includes all forms of bodily and neurological variation.

Disability Justice Framework: Expands on the disability rights movement by incorporating an intersectional approach, recognizing the interconnectedness of ableism with other forms of oppression such as racism, sexism, and heteronormativity. Disability justice highlights a commitment to recognizing and valuing diverse identities and experiences, advocating for a holistic approach that respects each individual's humanity and complexity.

Deaf Gain: Rather than viewing deafness as a loss or deficit, the concept of Deaf Gain frames it as a unique and valuable way of being in the world. This perspective highlights the benefits and cultural richness of the Deaf community, challenging societal assumptions about hearing and encouraging the appreciation of Deaf culture, language, and experiences.

Cultural and Linguistic Identity Models: Often used within Deaf and disability communities, these models emphasize the importance of cultural and linguistic identity as central to a person’s experience. They recognize that identity and culture, including communication styles and sensory experiences, are integral to the person and should be respected and valued as such.

Social Constructivist Approaches: Emphasize that many of the limitations experienced by disabled individuals are socially constructed rather than inherent to the individual. In disability studies, social constructivism explores how societal attitudes, policies, and environments create barriers to participation and inclusion.

Inclusive Research Paradigms: Prioritize the involvement of disabled people as active contributors or leaders in research that affects their lives. This contrasts with traditional research models that often exclude disabled people from meaningful participation. Inclusive research values the lived experiences of disabled individuals and ensures that their voices are central to research and policy development.

Nothing About Us Without Us:
This principle, which originated from the disability rights movement, asserts that decisions affecting disabled people should not be made without their input and involvement. It advocates for the inclusion and leadership of disabled individuals in all matters that concern them, ensuring that their voices are heard and respected.

Relational Autonomy: Recognizes that autonomy and decision-making are often supported and facilitated through relationships with others, rather than being purely individualistic. In the context of neurodiversity, relational autonomy acknowledges that neurodivergent individuals may rely on supportive relationships to navigate social and systemic challenges while still maintaining control over their decisions and lives.


Essentially, while Neurodiversity has its criticisms and limitations, a neurodiversity perspective plays a crucial role in promoting acceptance and understanding of neurodiverse individuals in society. The alignment of neurodiversity with other constructs from the disability rights world underscores its importance in challenging societal norms and fostering a more inclusive and equitable world for all.