CAT-Q measure to measure camouflaging in autistic females.

The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) was introduced in 2019 by Laura Hull and colleagues. 

What is Camouflaging
 Camouflaging involves modifying one's behaviors, such as suppressing stimming, forcing eye contact, or preparing jokes or phrases in advance, to conform to societal norms or to mask traits that might be socially stigmatized. This behavior is reported to be more common among autistic females and is hypothesized to contribute to the underdiagnosis or late diagnosis of autism in this group. 

What It Measures

The CAT-Q aims to quantify the effort and strategies employed by autistic individuals (particularly focusing on females or those assigned female at birth, AFAB) to camouflage their autistic traits.CAT-Q measures the discrepancy between the individual's natural autistic behaviors and the behaviors they exhibit in social contexts, essentially capturing the social coping strategies that are not naturally aligned with their intrinsic autistic characteristics.

The CAT-Q is a self-report questionnaire, meaning that it relies on individuals' own perceptions and reflections on their behavior. Respondents rate their agreement with various statements about their social strategies and experiences on a Likert scale. This approach allows for the collection of subjective data on camouflaging behaviors, which are inherently internal and personal.

Submeasures: 
The questionnaire is divided into multiple items that assess various dimensions of camouflaging, such as:
  • Masking: Efforts to hide autistic characteristics.
  • Compensation: Strategies to offset difficulties in social situations (e.g., memorizing social scripts).
  • Assimilation: Efforts to fit in with others by copying or mimicking non-autistic behaviors.


References
    • Hull, L., Petrides, K. V., Allison, C., Smith, P., Baron-Cohen, S., Lai, M. C., & Mandy, W. (2019). Development and validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(3), 819-833. doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6
    • Hull, L., Lai, M. C., Baron-Cohen, S., Allison, C., Smith, P., Petrides, K. V., & Mandy, W. (2020). Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults. Autism, 24(2), 352-363. doi:10.1177/1362361319864804
    • Cassidy, S., Bradley, L., Shaw, R., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2018). Risk markers for suicidality in autistic adults. Molecular Autism, 9(1), 42. doi:10.1186/s13229-018-0226-4
    • Livingston, L. A., Colvert, E., Social, A., Happé, F., & the EU-AIMS LEAP group. (2019). Good social skills despite poor theory of mind: Exploring compensation in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(1), 102-110. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12886
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