It really is a spectrum. The Neurodiversity of Autism at UC Berkeley


My longest article yet and semester-long in the making, with a series of interviews with 7 students with autism at UC Berkeley. Ready in time for April, Autism Acceptance Month.
Shout out to my autistic peers Anna Bernick, Brazos Donaho, Brian Liu, Cole Hasserjian, David Teplitz, Joaquin Nelson, Tiffany Ceja - Thank you for sharing your perspectives.
And to my editors Anna Ho and Alex Luceli JimĂ©nez @ Daily Cal Weekender for your patience and edits for this really long 5600+ word article, and Design Editor Ariel Lung, for the cool cover art based on our photos. 

Love the cover picture.

The cover art for the feature was based on actual photos submitted by the students



Looks like the article was trending too !!!


This Edition of the Daily Cal Weekender was an Autism Special. 
Check out these other fantastic articles on autism by members of "Spectrum at Cal" Board. 

2. Why I listen - Eli Oh and Tory Benson 
3. Why I self-advocate - Cole Hasserjian
https://www.dailycal.org/…/why-i-self-advocate-a-personal-…/
4. Why I Support - Helen Lee , Judy Xu, Carter Horan, Silvia A. Nolasco
https://www.dailycal.org/…/why-i-support-an-essay-collecti…/
5. A Letter to my Sister - Ashley Soliman
https://www.dailycal.org/…/a-letter-to-my-sister-a-persona…/

Make your Anxiety work for you


The thing about anxiety is that everyone gets it. Anxiety is inevitable, as stressors are unavoidable in today’s society. ...“This whole idea of ‘curing’ your anxiety … only serves to makes you feel worse in the long run.” Instead, Foran advises readers to “own your anxiety so that it no longer negatively impacts your life.”

Psi Chi Honor Society

Honored to be part of the Psychology Honor Society. 
Induction Ceremony presided by Pyshcology Department Chair



Mental-Cripple

The term "mental cripple" has been used historically as a derogatory term to refer to people with intellectual or cognitive disabilities, and was often used in a way that reinforced negative stereotypes and discrimination against this population.

The term mental-cripple was used to refer to autistics as seen in this 1965 nice-page photo essay in Life Magazine featuring Dr Ivar Loovas and ABA therapy. 





The R-Word

The use of the R-word slur ("retard") to refer to people with intellectual disabilities has a long and complex history. The term "retard" is derived from the word "retarded," which was originally used as a medical term in the late 19th century to describe individuals with intellectual disabilities.

However, the R-word quickly became a pejorative and was used to demean and dehumanize people with intellectual disabilities. The use of the R-word as an insult became more widespread in the mid-20th century, particularly in the United States, as it became more common to institutionalize people with disabilities.

Throughout much of the 20th century, the R-word was used in official language, such as in medical diagnoses and educational assessments. However, in recent years, there has been a shift towards using more respectful and person-centered language to refer to people with disabilities.

Many disability advocacy groups have worked to raise awareness about the harmful effects of using slurs like the R-word and as a result, there has been a decline in the use of the term in mainstream culture. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed "Rosa's Law," which replaced the term "mental retardation" with "intellectual disability" in federal health, education, and labor policy.

Despite these changes, the use of the derogatory R-word still persists in some communities and can have a harmful impact on people with intellectual disabilities and their families. 



Neurominority

 


The term "neurominority" refers to individuals who have atypical neurological differences, but are not necessarily considered to be a disorder or a pathology. This can include individuals with autism, ADHD, dyslexia. Neurominority is often used in the context of neurodiversity, which emphasizes the value of diversity in neurological functioning and the need for societal acceptance and support for individuals with neurological differences. The term "neurominority" is intended to promote a more positive and accepting view of neurological differences and to reduce stigma and discrimination. 

The Feeble Minded

The term "feeble-minded" was commonly used in the United States and Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to describe individuals who were perceived to have intellectual disabilities, developmental disabilities, or mental illnesses. The term was intended to be a catch-all phrase for a variety of conditions that were poorly understood at the time, and was often used to refer to people who were deemed socially or morally "undesirable".

The use of the term "feeble-minded" was deeply stigmatizing and contributed to the marginalization and oppression of disabled people. The term was often used to justify forced institutionalization, sterilization, and other forms of eugenic control over disabled people, as well as to deny them basic human rights such as education, employment, and the right to marry.

In the United States, the term "feeble-minded" was used in the landmark 1927 Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell, in which the Court upheld the constitutionality of forced sterilization of individuals deemed "feeble-minded" and "unfit" to reproduce. The decision gave legal justification for the widespread practice of eugenics, which resulted in the forced sterilization of tens of thousands of people in the US and Europe.

The consequences of the use of the term "feeble-minded" were devastating for disabled people and their families. Many were subjected to forced institutionalization, where they suffered from abuse, neglect, and social isolation. Others were sterilized against their will, which had lasting effects on their physical and mental health, as well as their ability to have children.

The term "feeble-minded" fell out of use in the early to mid-twentieth century as medical and psychological professionals began to adopt more standardized and scientific classifications for intellectual disabilities. However, the use of the term persisted in some legal and bureaucratic contexts until the 1970s, when the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 mandated the removal of discriminatory language from federal laws and policies related to individuals with disabilities. Today, the use of terms like "feeble-minded" is generally considered outdated and offensive.



Ideas to mull over


 

Vagaries of English Phraseology: Journey of An Autistic through GrammarLand


from 
https://www.dailycal.org/2019/04/07/vagaries-of-english-phraseology-a-personal-essay/

Vagaries of English Phraseology: Journey of An Autistic through GrammarLand


My introduction to the world of academics was rather late, since I learned to communicate via typing for the first time in my life only after I was a teenager. I was stuck in a silent, non-communicative world of autism until then.

My first attempts at typing were, at best, fragments. The focus was communication for this nonspeaking boy with autism. I’d never had conversations with the outside world before. I was as excited as a toddler just learning to speak. No one, least of all me, cared for the things called “punctuation,” “grammar” or “semantics.”

There would be odd spaces, words that ran together, an occasional comma or period, sentence fragments and all. Bursts of thought came gushing out and it was important to get the key words out rather than worry about a well-structured sentence. My impulsive and hyperactive body did not make for smooth typing either. My finger would accidentally hit the caps lock key and a few uppERcase letters would appear in the middle of the word as I slowly typed.

No one, least of all me, cared for the things called 
“punctuation,” “grammar” or “semantics.”

But communication was opening up my world, so I didn’t quite care. And when I started typing short pieces and poems, it was all in lowercase.

You see, using uppercase involved the use of two fingers: one on the shift key and the other on the letter key. But I was a one finger typer — a lone index finger on my right hand roamed the QWERTY keyboard, searching for and hopping slowly from letter to letter.

I soared in the power the written words afforded me. My written word substituted the spoken word. People never said pause or comma when they spoke so I figured I need not worry.

With the ability to communicate came the expressed longing for education. When the transition from special education took place, I leapt into eighth grade mainstream academics with anticipation and glee — straight into the arms of Shakespeare, algebra and biology.

An unexpected side of pedantics then reared its head — there was demand for these things called “grammar” and “punctuation.” Grammar was hardly the thing to teach in my former special education world. In special education, I was thought capable of only learning C-A-T spells cat and D-O-G spells dog, and single digit addition like 8+2 = 10.

My mind wrapped around a whole host of new terminology that was part of mainstream academics. Bits of sentences linked to grammar terms, however, simply had no relevance for me.

Grrr!  Gerunds were strangers that growled at me.
Modifiers dangled for some reason.
Mood was an imagined subjunctive
instead of happy every season.
Why were the verbs tensed?
I told them, don’t stress, just meditate.

“Is language not something to enjoy, rather than to be dissected like a frog?” I moaned. Did we have to reduce a sentence to a string of grammar terms?

Bursts of thoughts flow from the brain
Authority insists, must confine to rules
Macrocosm bound by microcosm chain
Drown in grammar phraseology
Lost in punctuation terminology

Essays needed punctuation and spell check; it was mandatory. I needed to bring my other index finger into play to hold down that shift key. Even punctuation like the lowercase comma had their issues. 

Sometimes the Oxford comma was needed by the teacher and at other times, it was a no-show. I wondered if the poor comma made the journey from Oxford, England to the Bay Area each time it was needed.

Word processor spell checks somewhat came to my rescue. I enjoyed the composition, literature and vocabulary parts of English.

but grammar terminology —
— definitely, not in my list of graces.
In a strange new world I was navigating.

It was in an American literature class that I first met e e cummings. The first poem I read by him was “in Just-.”

His poetry confounded me. A first glance, I sat up and wondered, “IS THIS WRITTEN BY A BOY WITH AUTISM — with poor fine motor ability like me? He uncapitalized, words ran together, there were white spaces and a general lack of punctuation. I was baffled and nonplussed, absolutely fascinated. I gaped and stared at the poem on the page.

What was going on and who was this person?

How did such a poem by a person with fine motor challenges make its way into my school textbook?

I soon discovered that e e cummings was a famous poet who intentionally decried grammar convention and punctuation. Even his name was all lowercase. No one had liked him initially, so he had to self-publish. But his unconventional style ended up being much admired by generations of critics thereafter.

There was meaning in his very lack of punctuation 
which gave me a lot of courage. Maybe I need not conform.

There was meaning in his very lack of punctuation which gave me a lot of courage. Maybe I need not conform. Perhaps my autism challenges could be transformed into strengths along the way. I just had to — had to — write in kind. I wrote the following poem in response to cummings’ assertions in his poem “since feeling is first“ and wrote it in the nonconformist style of his other poem “in Just-.”


noPeriods, Period
death’s no parenthesis
asserts e e cummings.
         actually
death
is
    a
        comma
                           an
   ellipsis
                                                                       whitespace
aPause
as the soulRenewsBody

life’s no paragraph
avows e e cummings
            just face it
life — is
   a
        smorgasbord
    no grammar syntax
       …just flows…..
    noPeriods. Period.
says  e e hari

I have to thank e e cummings for giving me additional perspectives on breaking the boundaries. “it takes courage to grow up and become who you really are,” he once said. 

I can break free to just be me.

Contact Hari Srinivasan at hari@dailycal.org.