Spotlight: [Some] of my poetry
Neuroscience Humor
Check out my YouTube channel @neuroscientist108
Spotlight on Neuroscience Humor Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4TQcIPQmqq3VJhOi-m9GTaMa46cHhJ8d
Check out my YouTube Channel @neuroscientist108
Check out my YouTube Channel @neuroscientist108
Spotlightight Playlist: The Quest for Humanity. Contemplation, 1 line a day
Lets start off our week just right.
Understanding the Americans with Disabilities Act
Understanding the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a landmark piece of legislation that has transformed the landscape of disability rights in the United States.
The Birth of ADA
The ADA was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George H.W. Bush. Its passage marked a significant victory for the disability rights movement, building on decades of activism and advocacy. The ADA aimed to eliminate discrimination against individuals with disabilities in various areas of public life, ensuring equal opportunities and accessibility.
Key Provisions of the ADA
The ADA is divided into five titles, each addressing different aspects of public life:
Title I – Employment: Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all aspects of employment, including hiring, promotions, and accommodations. Employers with 15 or more employees must provide reasonable accommodations to qualified employees with disabilities.
Title II – Public Services: Ensures that individuals with disabilities have equal access to public services, including state and local government programs and services. This includes public transportation.
Title III – Public Accommodations: Requires that private businesses and non-profit organizations that serve the public must make their facilities accessible to individuals with disabilities. This includes restaurants, hotels, theaters, and retail stores.
Title IV – Telecommunications: Mandates that telephone and internet companies provide accessible communication services for individuals with hearing and speech disabilities, including the provision of telecommunications relay services (TRS).
Title V – Miscellaneous Provisions: Contains various provisions relating to the ADA, including its relationship to other laws and the impact on insurance providers and benefits.
Influential Figures in the Making of ADA
Several key figures and advocacy groups were instrumental in the development and passage of the ADA:
Justin Dart Jr.: Often referred to as the "Father of the ADA," Dart was a passionate advocate for disability rights. He traveled across the United States to gather stories from people with disabilities, which he presented to Congress to demonstrate the need for comprehensive legislation.
Judy Heumann: A prominent disability rights activist, Heumann's leadership and advocacy, particularly through her roles in various organizations and government positions, were crucial in pushing for the ADA.
Senator Tom Harkin: A leading advocate for the ADA in Congress, Harkin delivered part of his introduction speech in sign language to emphasize the importance of the legislation. His efforts were pivotal in securing bipartisan support for the ADA.
The Disability Rights Community: Organizations like the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), the National Council on Independent Living (NCIL), and others played vital roles in advocating for the ADA and mobilizing public support.
Interesting Historical Context
The ADA was born out of the broader civil rights movement and inspired by earlier legislation, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Before the ADA, individuals with disabilities faced widespread discrimination and barriers to full participation in society. The ADA's passage marked a transformative moment, symbolizing a national commitment to equality and inclusion.
The Impact of ADA
Since its enactment, the ADA has had a profound impact on the lives of individuals with disabilities and American society as a whole. Key outcomes include:
Increased Accessibility: The ADA has led to significant improvements in the accessibility of public spaces, transportation, and communication services, allowing individuals with disabilities to participate more fully in society.
Employment Protections: The ADA has provided critical protections against employment discrimination, helping individuals with disabilities obtain and maintain jobs.
Awareness and Advocacy: The ADA has raised awareness about disability rights and inspired ongoing advocacy efforts to ensure that its principles are fully realized.
ADA is more than just a legal framework; it is a milestone in the journey towards equality and inclusion for all individuals with disabilities. Its history, structure, and impact reflect the ongoing efforts to create a society where every person, regardless of ability, can live with dignity and autonomy. The contributions of dedicated advocates and policymakers were instrumental in its creation and continue to drive its implementation, ensuring that the principles of the ADA are realized in communities across the United States.
Neurodiversity 2.0 - Harnessing Cross-Disciplinary Insights
EXCITING NEWS - NEW PAPER OUT.
Neurodiversity 2.0. Harnessing Cross-Disability Insights
Feedback:
I very much appreciated this paper, and I am sure I will draw upon it often in the future. I especially appreciated your centering of interdependence as an orientation to work towards instead of this idea of independence. This is a value I draw from frequently within my clinical work as an autistic psychologist who works primarily with autistic college students. We've long recognized the therapeutic alliance as a key agent of change in therapy, yet we often center individualism as a goal of therapy. Yet, any level of support need indicates a need for community and connection. Thanks for the work you are doing!
As someone currently spending a lot of time reflecting on language and terminology related to autism and neurodiversity for work at the moment, this paper could not have come at a better time.
Oh how I love a cross-disciplinary approach!
Oh how I love a cross-disciplinary approach!
Promoting employer education on the diversity in autism and embedding mandatory training into HR development would equip managers to better support neurodivergent employees and foster a more inclusive culture.
"Positive psychology must adopt a nuanced understanding of the diversity and complexity of autism and autistic people. The benefits of positive emotions like awe can be particularly potent for autistic well-being, but for interventions to be successful, practitioners need to be mindful of sensory sensitivities and communication differences." - Hari Srinivasan
Read on... https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/aut.2024.38246.pw
Insightful Unseen
Thank you Cal for this wonderful Writeup
Hari Srinivasan ’22 is quietly reshaping the way we understand autism, communication, and the brain.
At Berkeley, Hari became one of the first undergraduates with limited spoken language to teach a course on autism. He led student advocacy, wrote for The Daily Cal, and carried out research on awe and empathy as a Haas Scholar. His journey was never about being “inspirational.” It was about being seen as whole.
Now pursuing a PhD in neuroscience at Vanderbilt, Hari studies how autistic brains interact with the world. His research focuses on the invisible “bubble” of space around the body that helps us navigate movement and social cues. He is uncovering how that space works differently in autism, and how that knowledge can drive real-world solutions.
“I’m part of a community that is often left out of the conversation. We need both support for our challenges and opportunities to share our perspectives. Disability Pride is about making room for both.”
This month, Hari is co-leading the UNESCO-funded Amplifying Autistic Wellbeing event in London, bringing together high-support needs autistics from across the globe.
Every action, he says, is a pebble in the pond of change.
🌍 Learn more: https://lnkd.in/gdsNbTYR
At Berkeley, Hari became one of the first undergraduates with limited spoken language to teach a course on autism. He led student advocacy, wrote for The Daily Cal, and carried out research on awe and empathy as a Haas Scholar. His journey was never about being “inspirational.” It was about being seen as whole.
Now pursuing a PhD in neuroscience at Vanderbilt, Hari studies how autistic brains interact with the world. His research focuses on the invisible “bubble” of space around the body that helps us navigate movement and social cues. He is uncovering how that space works differently in autism, and how that knowledge can drive real-world solutions.
“I’m part of a community that is often left out of the conversation. We need both support for our challenges and opportunities to share our perspectives. Disability Pride is about making room for both.”
This month, Hari is co-leading the UNESCO-funded Amplifying Autistic Wellbeing event in London, bringing together high-support needs autistics from across the globe.
Every action, he says, is a pebble in the pond of change.
🌍 Learn more: https://lnkd.in/gdsNbTYR
Featured by the Cal Alumni Association
Hari Srinivasan ’22 is quietly reshaping the way we understand autism, communication, and the brain.
At Berkeley, Hari became one of the first undergraduates with limited spoken language to teach a course on autism. He led student advocacy, wrote for The Daily Cal, and carried out research on awe and empathy as a Haas Scholar. His journey was never about being “inspirational.” It was about being seen as whole.
Now pursuing a PhD in neuroscience at Vanderbilt, Hari studies how autistic brains interact with the world. His research focuses on the invisible “bubble” of space around the body that helps us navigate movement and social cues. He is uncovering how that space works differently in autism, and how that knowledge can drive real-world solutions.
“I’m part of a community that is often left out of the conversation. We need both support for our challenges and opportunities to share our perspectives. Disability Pride is about making room for both.”
In Sept, Hari is co-leading the UNESCO-funded Amplifying Autistic Wellbeing event in London, bringing together high-support needs autistics from across the globe. https://amplifyingautisticwellbeing.com/
At Berkeley, Hari became one of the first undergraduates with limited spoken language to teach a course on autism. He led student advocacy, wrote for The Daily Cal, and carried out research on awe and empathy as a Haas Scholar. His journey was never about being “inspirational.” It was about being seen as whole.
Now pursuing a PhD in neuroscience at Vanderbilt, Hari studies how autistic brains interact with the world. His research focuses on the invisible “bubble” of space around the body that helps us navigate movement and social cues. He is uncovering how that space works differently in autism, and how that knowledge can drive real-world solutions.
“I’m part of a community that is often left out of the conversation. We need both support for our challenges and opportunities to share our perspectives. Disability Pride is about making room for both.”
In Sept, Hari is co-leading the UNESCO-funded Amplifying Autistic Wellbeing event in London, bringing together high-support needs autistics from across the globe. https://amplifyingautisticwellbeing.com/
Every action, he says, is a pebble in the pond of change.
Stanford SNP-Reach
I was a speaker at the Stanford-SNP camp this year.
This time I decided to do something different. The topic was Timeline to Tomorrow, lets talk Autism Research. And it was short video clips interspersed with activities and exercises for the campers. And of course i used my own journey as.a backdrop to ground some of these ideas. I think it was well received.
https://med.stanford.edu/neurodiversity/SNP-REACH2025/Staff.html
Hari’s story brings home the idea of the transformative role of language and the critical importance of creating inclusive spaces where marginalized voices can thrive.
Read Full Article at unesco.org...
Caught Between Tears and Stoicism
Expecting neurodiverse individuals to either suppress or exaggerate emotions to fit societal comfort zones places an unfair burden of emotional labor on them.
Read Full Article at
My Ted X talk titled "Pebbles in the Pond of Change
Hari Srinivasan, shares a powerful message about the power of small actions in creating ever-widening ripples in the pond of change. Drawing from personal experiences and the legacy of disability rights leaders, he redefines progress as a journey that starts with simple, accessible steps. His inspiring message encourages everyone to identify and act on their own "small pebbles" to drive societal transformation.
Understanding the Olmstead Act
The Olmstead decision, formally known as the Olmstead v. L.C. decision, is a landmark ruling by the United States Supreme Court that significantly advanced the rights of individuals with disabilities. Here's a closer look at its history, structure, impact, and the influential figures behind its enactment.
The Birth of the Olmstead Decision
The Olmstead decision was handed down on June 22, 1999. The case involved two women, Lois Curtis and Elaine Wilson, who had mental disabilities and were voluntarily admitted to the Georgia Regional Hospital. Although their doctors determined that they were ready to move to a community-based setting, they remained institutionalized for several years due to the state's failure to provide community-based services. The Supreme Court ruled that the unjustified segregation of persons with disabilities constitutes discrimination in violation of Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Key Provisions of the Olmstead Decision
The Olmstead decision is rooted in the ADA's mandate to eliminate discrimination against individuals with disabilities. The main provisions include:
Community Integration: The decision requires states to provide community-based services for individuals with disabilities when such services are appropriate, the affected persons do not oppose community-based treatment, and the services can be reasonably accommodated, taking into account the resources available to the state and the needs of others with disabilities.
Reasonable Modifications: States must make reasonable modifications to their policies, practices, and procedures to avoid discrimination unless the state can demonstrate that making the modifications would fundamentally alter the nature of the services.
Comprehensive Plans: States are encouraged to develop comprehensive, effectively working plans for placing qualified persons with disabilities in less restrictive settings.
Influential Figures in the Making of the Olmstead Decision
Several key figures and advocacy groups played significant roles in the Olmstead case and its aftermath:
Lois Curtis and Elaine Wilson: The plaintiffs in the case whose experiences of unnecessary institutionalization highlighted the need for community-based services and set the stage for the landmark ruling.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Delivered the opinion of the Court, which underscored the rights of individuals with disabilities to live in the community rather than institutions.
The Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law: Provided crucial legal representation and advocacy, helping to frame the arguments that led to the Court's decision.
ADAPT: A national grassroots community that organizes disability rights activists to engage in nonviolent direct action, supporting the implementation of the Olmstead decision through continued advocacy and activism.
Interesting Historical Context
The Olmstead decision came at a time when the disability rights movement was gaining momentum, building on the foundation laid by the ADA. The case highlighted the systemic issues within state-run institutions and the need for a shift towards community-based services. The decision was seen as a significant victory for the disability community, reinforcing the principle that individuals with disabilities have the right to live and participate fully in their communities.
The Impact of the Olmstead Decision
The Olmstead decision has had a profound impact on the lives of individuals with disabilities and on American society as a whole. Key outcomes include:
Deinstitutionalization: The ruling accelerated the movement towards deinstitutionalization, encouraging states to develop and expand community-based services.
Increased Access to Services: States have been prompted to improve access to community-based services, allowing individuals with disabilities to live more independently.
Legal Precedent: The decision set a legal precedent that has been used in subsequent cases to advocate for the rights of individuals with disabilities.
Comprehensive Planning: Many states have developed Olmstead Plans to outline their strategies for complying with the decision and expanding community-based services.
Related posts: #Disability_History, #Disability_Legislation #Disability_Rights, #Olmstead_Act #Policy_Law
"Everyday moments of awe offer profound benefits to our mental health, enhancing personal well-being as well as a sense of belonging, at no expense. Unlike the price-gouging therapies we autistics are surrounded by since childhood, these experiences of awe are accessible and deeply meaningful." - Hari Srinivasan
Read on... https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/aut.2024.38246.pw
Oddball Paradigms in Autism Research
Lexicon: Oddball Paradigms
Oddball trials, also known as oddball tasks or oddball paradigms, are a type of research experimental design used in cognitive and sensorimotor research. The oddball paradigm has been widely used in autism research to investigate sensory processing differences, attentional issues, and cognitive control. During an oddball task, researchers typically measure various physiological and behavioral responses, such as reaction times, accuracy rates, ERPs (via EEG) or fMRI (to examine neural activity patterns).The oddball paradigm typically consists of two types of stimuli and participants are asked to detect and respond to the oddball.
- Standard Stimuli: These are the most common stimuli presented in the sequence and serve as the baseline / control stimuli, occurring with higher frequency. Participants are generally instructed to ignore standard stimuli and withhold any response to them
- Target Stimuli: These are the less frequent or "oddball" stimuli that differ in some way from the standard stimuli. The target stimuli can be defined by various characteristics, such as a different color, shape, sound, or any other perceptual feature.
The purpose of oddball trials is to investigate how the brain processes and detects rare or deviant stimuli amidst a background of more common stimuli. By manipulating the frequency and characteristics of the target and standard stimuli, researchers can examine various aspects of cognitive processing, including
- Attention: how participants allocate and sustain their attention to detect infrequent target stimuli. It allows researchers to explore the mechanisms of selective attention, attentional capture, and the ability to filter out irrelevant information.
- Perception & perceptual processing: how the brain discriminates between different stimuli; how the brain detects and discriminates deviant stimuli based on sensory features, and how it forms representations and expectations about the environment
- Memory and Cognitive Control: Participants may be required to remember the occurrence or characteristics of the target stimuli and maintain this information for subsequent recall or recognition. Also sheds light on cognitive control processes, such as response inhibition and response selection when distinguishing between standard and target stimuli.
Oddball Paradigms in Autism Research
Oddball paradigms in autism research, offer a window into the sensory processing differences, attentional mechanisms, and cognitive control capabilities.
Sensory Processing Differences: One of the core areas of investigation in autism is sensory processing as autistics often exhibit atypical responses to sensory stimuli, which can range from heightened sensitivity to specific stimuli to a diminished response to others. Oddball paradigms help researchers understand these sensory anomalies by comparing how autistics detect and respond to infrequent target stimuli compared to neurotypical controls. This can reveal whether there is an enhanced perceptual sensitivity or other unique patterns of sensory processing in autism.
Attention and Attentional Allocation: Studies focus on how autistics sustain and allocate their attention when faced with rare target stimuli amidst a stream of more common stimuli. Findings often indicate differences in how attention is captured and maintained, which can be linked to broader attentional issues in autism. For instance, some research suggests autistics may focus more on local details rather than global features of stimuli (Weak Central Coherence theory)
Cognitive Control and Inhibition: Cognitive control, including response inhibition and flexibility in shifting attention, is frequently assessed through oddball tasks. These tasks can highlight the executive functioning issues, such as challenges with inhibiting inappropriate responses or switching attention between different tasks or stimuli.
Key Findings from Autism Research
Research using oddball paradigms has provided several key insights into the neurocognitive characteristics of ASD:
Enhanced Perceptual Sensitivity: Some studies suggest that autistics may exhibit enhanced perceptual sensitivity, reacting more quickly or accurately to target stimuli than neurotypical individuals. This heightened sensitivity might be associated with an increased focus on specific features in the environment.
Atypical Neural Responses: Differences in the amplitude and latency of ERP components, such as the P3 wave, which is linked to attentional processes and cognitive evaluation, have been noted (1).
Attentional Allocation Differences: The way individuals with autism allocate their attention during oddball tasks often differs from that of neurotypical individuals. This can include a tendency to focus more narrowly on specific stimuli aspects, potentially reflecting a unique attentional strategy or sensory processing style (2).
Cognitive Control Challenges: Oddball tasks also reveal cognitive control issues, such as difficulties with response inhibition and flexibility in attention shifting. These findings are consistent with broader patterns of executive dysfunction observed in autism (3).
2 versions of this post
References:
- Gomot, M., et al. (2008). Atypical auditory processing in children with autism: A cohort study with event-related potentials. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(7), 1307-1316.
- Sokhadze, E. M., et al. (2009). Atypical prefrontal cortex development in autism: ERP evidence of abnormal inhibitory control in a Go/NoGo task. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 5, 9.
- Hill, E. L. (2004). Executive dysfunction in autism: A review of the evidence for specific deficits. Developmental Psychopathology, 16(3), 377-401.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)