Implicit and explicit bias

Implicit bias and explicit bias are two distinct forms of bias that influence attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors toward individuals or groups, often based on characteristics such as race, gender, ethnicity and disability.

Implicit bias, also known as unconscious bias, refers to the automatic and unintentional attitudes or stereotypes that individuals hold about certain groups, even when they are unaware of these biases. These biases are typically deeply ingrained in our subconscious minds and can influence our actions and decisions without conscious awareness. For example, a person may hold implicit biases that lead them to associate certain racial groups with negative traits or behaviors, despite consciously believing in equality and fairness. Research has shown that implicit biases can impact hiring decisions, healthcare outcomes, and interactions with others, often in ways that perpetuate inequality and discrimination. Recognizing and addressing implicit bias is essential for promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in various aspects of society.

Explicit bias, on the other hand, is conscious and deliberate prejudice or discrimination against specific groups of people. Unlike implicit bias, explicit bias is readily recognized by the individual holding these beliefs. For instance, an individual openly expressing discriminatory attitudes or engaging in discriminatory behaviors toward people of a certain ethnicity demonstrates explicit bias. Explicit bias can manifest in forms such as hate speech, discriminatory policies, or acts of prejudice. While implicit bias often operates beneath conscious awareness, explicit bias is a more overt and intentional form of bias. Combating explicit bias typically involves education, awareness campaigns, and legal measures to address and reduce discrimination. Both implicit and explicit biases are important to understand and address in order to promote a more equitable and inclusive society.